Executive functions (EF) are cognitive processes that work together to regulate behavior, make decisions, and accomplish goals. When these skills are weak or inconsistent, students may struggle to plan, organize, and initiate tasks, as well as manage their time and materials. They often have difficulty keeping track of assignments, figuring out how to begin a task, or envisioning the end result. Executive function challenges may also coexist with difficulties in emotional regulation, attention, memory, impulse control, or social awareness. These challenges can make students feel lost and frustrated.

Fortunately, executive functioning skills can be learned and developed. An individualized treatment plan can help students build self-awareness, develop a stronger sense of time, and learn how to visualize schedules and task outcomes. With these life skills, students become empowered to be more independent and capable of approaching any task, simple or complex, in a methodical, organized way that leads to successful completion.